Tecnología de filtración del mosto de cervecería

Filtration is used throughout the brewing process, and most beers sold today are filtered to some degree. At the end of the saccharification process, the excipients have completed the decomposition of macromolecular substances. So, the wort (a water-soluble extract) and the spent grains (residues, macromolecular proteins, cellulose, fat, etc.) must be separated in the shortest time. This separation process is called the filtration of the mash. Wort filtration includes mash filtration and spent grain cleaning.
The wort brewing system includes all the equipment required for malting, mashing the malt in hot water, filtering the wort, boiling the wort with hops, swirling the wort, and cooling the wort before beer fermentation.

Wort Filtration Overview

Wort filtration is the process of removing solids from a liquid by passing through a porous medium. Filtration effectiveness depends on particle size and filter media porosity. If the materials suspended in the liquid are more significant than the pore size, they will remain on the filter media.

Wort filtration process and method

Wort filtration with filter tank and filter press；
Filtration of the first wort, filtration of the washed grain wort.

Wort Filtration Process Objectives

Get high-quality wort Clear

low solids wort;
The enzymatic oxidation process of wort, mash with little oxygen uptake or occurring during whole wort filtration low degree;
Less harmful substances leached from wheat husks;
And ensure that the full pot of wort meets the iodine test qualification；

Thorough washing of spent grains to obtain high saccharification yield

On the premise of ensuring the quality of filtered wort and thorough washing, the filtration time is short and the use rate of equipment is improved.

From the perspective of environmental protection, there should be no residual water in the washing dregs, and the concentration of the residual water in the washing dregs should be up to 1.2%; reduce the cost of wastewater treatment and protect the ecological environment.

Wort filtration with filter tank

The characteristics of the filter tank to filter the wort

The filter screen acts as a supporting medium
The spent grains layer is the real filter medium and should form a compressible filter layer
Filtration at any time to compact the grains, the resistance of the grains increases, and the wort outflow is less. Generally, the resistance of the grains is reduced by cultivating the grains, and the number of filtered wort increases.
tank is normal pressure filtration, and the filtration driving force is the static pressure of the liquid level.

Wheat grains (husks) contain extracts. Considering the yield of saccharification, the grains must be washed , and because the grains (husks) contain harmful substances such as polyphenols, insoluble starch and protein, which will affect the quality of the filtered wort. Negative Effects.

Technical requirements for wort filter tank

Meet the basic requirements of wort filtration
Filtered wort solid content <50-60mg/L
Filtered wort turbidity＜5-30EBC
Oxygen content of filtered wort＜0.1mg/L
The occupied time of the wort filter tank is less than 2-3 hours
The moisture content of wet grains is less than 80%
Less than 0.5% leachable extractables in spent grains

The characteristics of the filter tank

Sealed filter tank
The bottom of the mash and wort enter the filter tank
Large diameter filter tank
Automatic continuous plowing of grains, eliminating the increase in the resistance of grains
Washing the grains and , the amount of extracts decreases when washing grains, the residual extracts in the grains are small, and the concentration of residual water in the grains is low.
Recycling residual water

Filter tank structure

The shape, material, and installation requirements of the filter tank
The shape of the filter tank is cylindrical, there is an umbrella cover on the top of the tank, and there is a steam exhaust cylinder that can open and close the gate
To avoid the increase of viscosity due to the drop of mash temperature and affect the wort filtration, the filter tank must be equipped with a good thermal insulation layer
Extensive use of food-grade stainless steel
The filter tank must be installed , and the bottom of the tank and the sieve plate must be kept horizontal, otherwise the thickness of the bad layer will be uneven, which will affect the filtering and cleaning effect.
Filter tank bottom: shallow conical, shallow oblique, flat-bottomed round, but most of them are flat bottoms
Each filter wort outflow pipe is distributed every 0.9-1.25 square meters
Filtration capacity of the filter tank
The filtration capacity of the filter tank is represented by the feeding amount and the total amount of mash, generally 8hL mash/100kg feeding amount
Select the smallest post-filtered grain layer thickness that can ensure the filtering effect is 20-25cm, as the basis for determining the feeding amount per unit area
The diameter of the filter tank becomes larger, and the area of the filter tank increases, so about avoid the excessive thickness of the spent grains layer, which can reduce the resistance of the spent grains during filtration, which is beneficial to the wort filtration and washing.
Thus, large-diameter filter tanks are used at present, which is very suitable for the filtration of high-concentration wort.
In high-concentration saccharification, the humidified dry crushing or limited humidification wet crushing should be selected to ensure good malt crushing effect.
Sieve plate and sieve plate cleaning
Generally, a block sieve plate is used, about 2cm from the bottom of the tank
The area of each sieve plate is generally 0.7-2㎡
Each filter screen is supported by its edge guides and small support feet
The strip sieve hole is trapezoidal between the sieve plate and the bottom, the width of the hole on the sieve plate is 0.5-0.8mm, and the width of the hole under the sieve plate is 3-4mm
10%-15% opening rate can meet the needs of wort filtration
Install 1~2 cleaning nozzles per square meter of filter area
The cleaning nozzle is generally installed between every two wort outlet pipes
Requires even distribution under the filter tank
It is best to clean the space between the sieve plate and the bottom of the sieve plate groove after each wort discharge, which can ensure the good permeability of the sieve plate during each wort filtration, which is beneficial to the wort filtration.
The cleaning nozzle is cleaned by 180°rotation, the water pressure is 0.3MPa, the water consumption of each nozzle is 0.7m3/h, and the water consumption is low
Wort filtration step using filter tank
Press hot water
Pump in mash
Stand still
Pre-spray and reflow
First wort filtration
Washed wort filtration
Drainage residual water, drain
Clean the sieve plate
Features of the tiller Stable performance and easy maintenance
Guaranteed to form a uniform layer of spent grains
It can and till the grains according to the resistance of the grains, the flow rate of the wort, and the turbidity of the wort, which can reduce the resistance of the grains when plowing the grains.
It can ensure the thorough cleaning effect of the bad grains, and the saccharification yield is high.
According to the diameter of the filter tank and the size of the feed, the tiller can be equipped with many cutter arms
The most linear speed is less than 3-4m/min when tillage
The uneven layer of grains should be avoided when cultivating grains in the large filter tank, and the resistance of grains should be eliminated within 3-4 minutes.
A straight, zigzag or wavy tiller mounted on the underside of the armGenerally, the distance between the tillers is 10-20cm, which increases from the outside to the inside. The arrangement of the tillers should be a cross structure, and each knife should be in the middle of the two front knives.

Filter tank structure

The beginning of wort washing: when the first wort is filtered to the point where the wort layer is about to be exposed, the first wort filtration ends and the wort washing process begins.
When washing the grains, the grain tiller should be started, first till the surface of the grains, and then descend until the tiller is 5-10cm away from the sieve plate. While cultivating the grains, use the grain-washing water nozzle to spray grain-cleaning water on the grains, start to wash the grains, and wash out the residual extract in the grains. This washing wort is also called second wort.
Divided into continuous and intermittent washing
To control the tiller, the tiller must cut the entire grain layer, and no gaps are formed in any part of the grain layer.
To avoid turbidity, the grains should not be plowed too , and the grain tillers should not be placed too low. The grain tillers should not rise and fall too fast, so as not to break the grains layer.
The pH value of the washed wastewater is below 6, which can reduce the dissolution of bad substances in the wheat husk
It not only keeps the wort clean and less solid when washing grains
The wort should not flow out too fast, as it takes time for the wort to wash out the extract. Otherwise, the washing of the dregs is not complete, and the yield of saccharification will decrease. Filtered wort is cloudy
If the washing time is too long, it will affect the quality of the wort and the use rate of the equipment. Thus, the washing time should not exceed 1.5-2 hours
Use a small amount of wort washing water as much as possible to wash out the residual extract in the wort, otherwise a large amount of bad substances in the husk will be washed out.
Washing dregs water temperature: Generally, the washing dregs are higher at the beginning, and should be lower in the later stage, but cannot exceed 80 °C
The first wash of bad 76/78℃

The second washing of the dregs at 76℃

The third wash of dregs 75/72℃
After washing the dregs, the liquid flowing out is called “filtered residual water”, and the concentration should not be higher than 1%.

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