5 types of beer fermentation tanks, from Continuous Stirring Fermenter to Bubble Column Fermenter

To sum up, the conical fermenter is an important part of the beer production process. Its unique design allows for easy yeast harvesting, and efficient removal of carbon dioxide, ensures continuous contact between yeast and wort, promotes fast and complete fermentation and is easy to clean and sanitize. Conical fermenters are a common design used by many breweries and are a key component in producing high-quality beer.

Introduction to Fermentation

Fermentation is a very old technique that has been used for thousands of years. It was first used in beer production. Today, biotechnology has been combined with fermentation technology to create value-added products such as hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites.

Fermenter

A fermentation tank is a closed, sterilized container that provides optimal growth conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms. The basic conventional design of a fermenter is a cylindrical vessel with a top and a bottom. There is a distributor at the bottom of the container surrounded by a jacket.

Different Types of Fermentation Tanks

continuous stirring fermenter

A continuous stirred reactor (CSTR) consists of a vessel with piping, pumps, valves, agitator, motor, shaft and impeller. The shaft is located at the bottom of the tank and the number of impellers depends on the size of the bioreactor. In this type of fermenter, a structure called an eductor is found that adds air to the medium.

Airlift Fermentor

Airlift reactors contain a baffle or draft tube in the middle through which air is pumped into the vessel. There are two types of airlift fermenters:

Internal circulation airlift bioreactor: It has a single central draft tube that provides internal circulation channels.
External circulation airlift bioreactor: It contains an external circulation that separates the liquids flowing into separate channels.

Packed bed fermenter

In a packed bed fermenter, hollow tubes or tubes hold the biocatalyst. Beds are fixed in nature. The medium flows through the biocatalyst, which produces metabolites in the broth. These bioreactors are easy to operate but are often clogged due to poor oxygen circulation.

Membrane fermenter

Membrane bioreactors are used in combination with ultrafiltration and microfiltration. This type of fermenter is used for the biological treatment of wastewater. There are two types of membrane bioreactors:

Submerged Membrane Bioreactor: In this type of fermenter, the membrane is located inside a vessel submerged in the wastewater.
Lateral Flow Membrane Bioreactor: In this type of fermenter, the membrane is located outside the reactor and membrane filtration is an more step in the process.

Bubble column fermenter

Bubble column fermenters contain a cylindrical column filled with liquid and gas is introduced from the bottom. It is aligned so that the gas introduced from the bottom creates turbulence for optimal gas exchange. The distributor mixes the contents of the container. Liquids flow in a parallel or countercurrent direction.

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